How are tariffs characterized in terms of international relations?

Tariffs are characterized as a negative use of economic power primarily because they are often employed as a means to exert influence over other countries, especially in the context of trade negotiations. When a country imposes tariffs, it can disrupt established trade patterns, leading to economic penalties for the nation on which the tariffs are placed. This creates an environment of tension and retaliation, as affected countries may respond with their own tariffs or trade barriers, which can escalate into broader trade wars.

Such actions demonstrate a form of economic coercion, where one nation seeks to protect its domestic industries or to penalize another country for certain behaviors, thus undermining cooperative trade relations. This is particularly evident when tariffs are used strategically to achieve political goals rather than being based solely on economic considerations, showcasing a negative aspect of using economic policies as tools for power plays in international relations.

The perception of tariffs as negative is rooted in their potential to harm international economic cooperation and the rules-based trading system, as increased tariffs create barriers to trade that can lead to reduced economic growth and increased costs for consumers and businesses alike.